Recently I was working on my
Canadienne-French > France lines and
found the Drouin's (1621 - 1967, 14 MILLION names) online. I starting looking for my Research Helps for this
country and there's no time like the present to get this Research Help List page up
and running. I collected the materials over years of work at FHC's,
libraries and on the internet. Our daughter took French in school and
after being recruited week after week to read my Quebec parish records for
me, devised a cheat sheet for me at the FHC -- lol. This was
officially known as "Anne's Cheat Sheet" and we must have passed out 200+
copies of it! It contained all the basics that a mom needed to know in
order to read a Quebec parish record without having assistance from her
learned daughter...lol... yep, those were the days! So mega thanks to
daughter Cobi, librarian Carl Raymond and my mentor & dear friend Jim
Nesbitt -- everything I know about Canadian French I learned from these
guys. Moral of the story, if I can do it, so can you!
|
|
FRANCE |
CANADA |
If there is 1 book for translating foreign languages that I could never part with, it
would be Jonathan Shea & William Hoffman's "Following The Paper Trail"
-- as you know by now, I hawk very, very few items... this one I have hawked
for the past 15+ years and will continue to do so -- not only does it have Czech, it also has
German, Swedish, French, Italian, Latin, Portuguese, Romanian, Spanish,
Polish, Russian, Hungarian, and Lithuanian. It is available through
Borders Books, etc. or online. GREAT GIFT IDEA, TOO! -- I'm on my
FOURTH COPY as this book sprouts legs... actually, it gets borrowed and
is never to be seen again... I'm sure the first three copies are in good
homes, being used often...
List of countries where French is an
official language
Belgium
|
Côte
d'Ivoire |
Monaco
|
Benin
|
Djibouti
|
New
Caledonia |
Burkina Faso
|
Equatorial
Guinea |
Niger
|
Burundi
|
France
|
Republic of
the Congo |
Cameroon
|
Gabon
|
Rwanda
|
Canada
|
Guinea
|
Senegal
|
Central
African Republic |
Haiti
|
Seychelles
|
Chad
|
Luxembourg
|
Switzerland
|
Comoros
|
Madagascar
|
Togo
|
Republic of
the Congo |
Mali
|
Vanuatu |
|
|
|
MONTHS OF THE YEAR
January |
Janvier |
August |
Août |
February |
Février |
September |
Septembre, 7bre |
March |
Mars |
October |
Octobre, 8bre |
April |
Avril |
November |
Novembre, 9bre |
May |
Mai |
December |
Décembre, 10bre, |
June |
Juin |
Month |
Mois |
July |
Juillet |
Year |
Année |
|
DAYS OF THE WEEK
English |
French |
Pronounciation |
Monday |
lundi |
lahn-dee |
Tuesday |
mardi |
mahr-dee |
Wednesday |
mercredi |
mare-kruh-dee |
Thursday |
jeudi |
zhuh-dee |
Friday |
vendredi |
vahn-druh-dee |
Saturday |
samedi |
sahm-dee |
Sunday |
dimanche |
dee-mahnsh |
day |
le jour |
luh zhoor |
week |
la semaine |
lah suh-men |
today |
aujourd'hui |
oh-zhoor-dwee |
yesterday |
hier |
ee-air |
tomorrow |
demain |
duh-mahn |
Times of the Day
In French birth and death records, the registrar often indicated the
exact time of day when the birth or death occurred. This is usually written
out.
French |
English |
à cinq heures |
at 5 o’clock |
au matin |
in the morning |
au soir |
in the evening |
après-demain |
the day after tomorrow
|
après-midi |
afternoon |
avant-veille |
two days before |
avant-hier |
day before yesterday |
demain |
tomorrow |
du matin |
in the morning, a.m. |
du soir |
in the evening, p.m. |
heure |
hour |
hier |
yesterday |
hier soir |
yesterday evening |
hier au soir |
yesterday evening |
jour |
day |
lendemain |
next day |
matin |
morning |
midi |
noon |
minuit |
midnight |
nuit |
night |
soir |
evening |
surlendemain |
two days later |
veille |
previous evening |
NUMBERS
In some genealogical sources, numbers are
written out. This is especially true with dates. The following list gives
the cardinal (1, 2, 3) and the ordinal (1st, 2nd, 3rd) versions of each
number. Dates are usually written in ordinal form. Ordinal numbers are made
by adding ième to the cardinal form of a number. If the number ends in an e,
drop the e before adding ième.
From 60 to 99, the French count by twenties
rather than by tens. Thus, 70 in French is sixty-ten, and 71 is
sixty-eleven. The number 80 is four-twenties;, 81 is four-twenties-one; 91
is four-twenties-eleven; and so on through 99, which is
four-twenties-nineteen. In some areas, however, you will see the older style
of 70 (septante), 80 (octante or huitante), and 90 (nonante).
And here's where I have the most difficulty
-- COUNTING -- I know, pretty simple but I still need my cheat-sheet within
arm's reach!
|
Cardinal |
|
Ordinal |
1 |
un |
1st |
premier |
2 |
deux |
2nd |
deuxième |
3 |
trois |
3rd |
troisième |
4 |
quatre |
4th |
quatrième |
5 |
cinq |
5th |
cinquième |
6 |
six |
6th |
sixième |
7 |
sept |
7th |
septième |
8 |
huit |
8th |
huitième |
9 |
neuf |
9th |
neuvième |
10 |
dix |
10th |
dixième |
11 |
onze |
11th |
onzième |
12 |
douze |
12th |
douzième |
13 |
treize |
13th |
treizième |
14 |
quatorze |
14th |
quatorzième |
15 |
quinze |
15th |
quinzième |
16 |
seize |
16th |
seizième |
17 |
dix-sept |
17th |
dix-septième |
18 |
dix-huit |
18th |
dix-huitième |
19 |
dix-neuf |
19th |
dix-neuvième |
20 |
vingt |
20th |
vingtième |
21 |
vingt-et-un |
21st |
vingt-et-unième |
22 |
vingt-deux |
22nd |
vingt-deuxième |
23 |
vingt-trois |
23rd |
vingt-troisième |
24 |
vingt-quatre |
24th |
vingt-quatrième |
25 |
vingt-cinq |
25th |
vingt-cinquième |
26 |
vingt-six |
26th |
vingt-sixième |
27 |
vingt-sept |
27th |
vingt-septième |
28 |
vingt-huit |
28th |
vingt-huitième |
29 |
vingt-neuf |
29th |
vingt-neuvième |
30 |
trente |
30th |
trentième |
31 |
trente-et-un |
31st |
trente-et-unième |
40 |
quarante |
40th |
quarantième |
50 |
cinquante |
50th |
cinquantième |
60 |
soixante |
60th |
soixantième |
70 |
soixante-dix, |
70th |
soixante-dixième |
|
septante |
|
septantième |
71 |
soixante-onze, |
71st |
soixante-onzième |
|
septante-un |
|
septante-et-unième |
80 |
quatre-vingt(s) |
80th |
quatre-vingtième |
|
octante |
|
octantième |
|
huitante |
|
huitantième |
90 |
quatre-vingt-dix |
90th |
quatre-vingt-dixième |
|
nonante |
|
nonantième |
99 |
quatre-vingt-dix- |
99th |
quatre-vingt-dix- |
|
neuf, nonante- |
|
neuvième, nonante- |
|
neuf |
|
neuvième |
100 |
cent |
100th |
centième |
1000 |
mil, mille |
1000th |
millième |
SAMPLE OF BAPTISMAL DOCUMENT:
Here's a Baptismal Document from a Catholic Parish in Quebec. And
Cobi's been kind enough to help interpret it -- she's hoping to someday wean
me... lol .. and yes, there were Polish immigrants in the
Québec churches! Took me YEARS to
discover they came from POL>ENG>CAN>USA.
Name: |
Zygmund Mark
Gorskiewicz |
Event
Year: |
1913 |
Event: |
Naissance
|
Religion: |
Catholique
|
Place
of Worship |
Montréal (Saint
Mary) |
Province: |
Québec
(Quebec) |
|
And it reads... |
B (Baptism) #58
Zygmund Mark GorskiewiczOn the
11 May 1913, we the undersigned Father of this parish, baptized Zygmund
Mark, born the 25 April of this year, legitimate son of Wojoiech
Gorskiewicz day-laborer of this parish and of Emilie Domagalska. The
godfather was Wladislaw Miedowchowski, day-laborer of this parish and
the godmother was Bronislawa Domagalska, aunt of the infant. The father
and the godparents signed ______ (last two words??)
And then, the signatures of the
Godparents, the Child's Father and also the Parish Priest. |
Alt
Codes for typing French characters
(WINDOWS):
Capital Vowels |
À |
ALT+0192 |
 |
ALT+0194 |
Ä |
ALT+0196 |
È |
ALT+0200 |
É |
ALT+0201 |
Ê |
ALT+0202 |
Ë |
ALT+0203 |
Î |
ALT+0206 |
Ï |
ALT+0207 |
Ô |
ALT+0212 |
Œ |
ALT+0140 |
Ù |
ALT+0217 |
Û |
ALT+0219 |
Ü |
ALT+0220 |
Ÿ |
ALT+0159 |
|
Lowercase Vowels |
à |
ALT+0224 |
â |
ALT+0226 |
ä |
ALT+0228 |
è |
ALT+0232 |
é |
ALT+0233 |
ê |
ALT+0234 |
ë |
ALT+0235 |
î |
ALT+0238 |
ï |
ALT+0239 |
ô |
ALT+0244 |
œ |
ALT+0156 |
ù |
ALT+0249 |
û |
ALT+0251 |
ü |
ALT+0252 |
ÿ |
ALT+0255 |
|
Consonants/Punctuation |
Ç |
ALT+0199 (caps) |
ç |
ALT+0231 (lower) |
« |
ALT+0171 |
» |
ALT+0187 |
€ |
ALT+0128 |
|
French words for persons, places, and things (nouns) are classified as
masculine or feminine. Generally, adjectives used to describe feminine
words end with an e.
Le (masculine form of the) is used with
masculine words. La (feminine form of the) is used with feminine words.
But l’ is used with either if the word begins with a vowel. For example,
the word enfant means child or infant, either masculine or feminine. But
l’enfant est né (the child is born) is used with a male child, and
l’enfant est née with a female child.
In French, as in English, the forms of some words will vary
according to how they are used in a sentence. Who—whose—whom or
marry—marries— married are examples of words in English with variant
forms. This word list gives the standard form of each French word.
As you read French records, you will need to be aware that some
words vary with usage.
Plural forms of French words are
usually created by adding s or x to the singular word. Thus frère
becomes frères, and beau becomes beaux. The plural of beau-frère
(brother-in-law) is beaux-frères (brothers-in-law).
In French there are five
diacritical (accent) marks. These are placed over vowels or under
the letter c to indicate a change in pronunciation. The following
diacritical marks are used in French: à, â, é, è, ê, ë, î, ï, ô, ö,
û, ù and ç. The ç is pronounced as an s. These diacritical marks do
not affect alphabetical order.
|
|
Some KEY WORDS... |
English |
French |
banns |
publications, bans |
baptism |
baptême |
birth |
naissance, né, née |
burial |
sépulture, enterrement, enterré, inhumé,
enseveli, funèbre |
Catholic |
catholique romaine |
child |
enfant |
christening |
baptême |
civil registry |
registres de l’état civil, mairie, maison
communale, hôtel deville |
death |
décès, mort, expiré, inanimé, défunt
|
father |
père |
husband |
mari, époux, marié |
index |
tables, répertoire |
Jewish |
juif, juive, israélite, hébreu
|
marriage |
mariage, alliance, unir, épouser
|
month |
mois, mensuel |
mother |
mère |
name, given |
prénom, nom de baptême |
name, surname |
nom, nom de famille |
parents |
parents, père et mère |
parish |
paroisse, paroissiaux, paroissiale
|
Protestant |
protestant, réformé, huguenot, R.P.R.,
luthérien, calviniste |
town, village |
ville, village, hameau, commune
|
wife |
femme, épouse, mariée |
year |
an, année, annuel |
MORE IN-DEPTH WORDLIST...
à |
at, to, in |
a |
has |
abjurations |
renunciations of Protestant faith |
absolution |
absolution, last rites |
accoucher |
give birth |
accoucheuse |
midwife |
à cet endroit |
in this place |
acheter |
to buy |
acte de baptême |
baptismal record |
acte de décès |
death record |
acte de naissance |
birth certificate, record |
acte de sépulture |
burial record |
adjoint du maire |
mayor’s assistant |
adopté(e) |
adopted |
adultère |
adulterer |
affiché |
posted (on door) |
afficher les bans |
post banns |
âgé(e) |
aged |
ai (ay) |
I have |
aïeul |
grandfather |
aïeule |
grandmother |
aîné (l’aîné) |
the older, senior |
ainsi que |
as well as |
à jour |
current |
Algerie |
Algeria |
alité |
bedridden |
Allemand(e) |
German |
alliance |
marriage |
Alsacien(ne) |
Alsatian |
ami(e) |
friend |
an (année) |
year |
anabaptiste |
Mennonite |
anglais(e) |
English |
anniversaire |
birthday, anniversary |
annuaire |
directory |
annuel |
annual, yearly |
août |
August |
apparu |
appeared |
appelé(e) |
named |
apprenti |
apprentice |
approuvé |
approved |
après |
after |
après-midi |
afternoon |
arbre généalogique |
family tree, pedigree |
archives |
archive |
Archives du Royaume |
state archives (Belgium) |
Archives Nationales |
state archives (France) |
a reçu |
has received |
armoiries |
coat of arms |
arpent |
acre |
arpenteur |
surveyor |
arpète |
errand boy, apprentice |
arrière |
great (as in great-grandparents) |
arrondissement |
district (administrative division of a
French département) |
attaque |
seizure |
au |
at the, in the |
aubergiste |
innkeeper |
aucun(e) |
no, none |
au dessus |
over |
aujourd’hui |
today |
au même endroit |
at the same place |
auparavant |
former |
aussi |
also, as, since |
autant |
as much |
autorisation |
permission |
autour |
around |
autre |
other |
avant |
former, before |
avant-hier |
the day before yesterday |
avec |
with |
avocat |
attorney |
avoir |
to have |
avons |
(we) have |
avril |
April |
ayant |
having |
ban (le) |
the territory |
bans |
marriage banns, announcement(s) |
baptême |
baptism |
baptême d’urgence |
emergency baptism |
baptisé |
baptized |
baptisé sous condition |
conditionally baptized |
Baptiste |
Baptist |
bas |
low, lower |
batisseur |
builder |
beau-fils |
son-in-law, stepson |
beau-frère |
brother-in-law, stepbrother |
beau-père |
father-in-law, stepfather |
bêcheur |
field worker |
Belge |
Belgian |
belle-fille |
daughter-in-law, stepdaughter |
belle-mère |
mother-in-law, stepmother |
belle-soeur |
sister-in-law, stepsister |
berger |
shepherd |
bien |
well |
biens |
goods, property |
biographie |
biography |
blanc (blanche) |
white |
bon (bonne) |
good |
bonne |
maid, female servant |
boucher |
butcher |
boulanger |
baker |
bourgeois |
citizen, member of the middle class |
bourguignon |
Burgundian |
bouvier |
herdsman, cowherd |
brasseur |
brewer |
brassier |
farmworker, laborer (old word) |
Bretagne |
Brittany |
[oncle à la mode de Bretagne] |
[first cousin of one’s parent] |
briquetier |
brick maker |
bru |
daughter-in-law |
brumaire |
See “Months” |
bureau |
office |
cabaretier |
barkeeper |
canton |
administrative division of an
arrondissement (in France), province (in Switzerland), township (in
French Canada) |
carte |
map |
catholique romaine |
Roman Catholic |
ce, c’ |
it |
ce, cet, cette |
this, that |
céans |
here within |
cejourd’hier |
yesterday |
cejourd’hui |
today |
célèbre |
famous |
célibataire |
bachelor, unmarried, single |
celle |
this one, she |
celle-ci |
the latter (f.) |
celle-là |
the former (f.) |
celui |
this one, he |
celui-ci |
the latter (m.) |
celui-là |
the former (m.) |
cent |
hundred |
centième |
hundredth |
certificat |
certificate |
ceux |
those |
charbonnier |
charcoal burner |
charcutier |
pork merchant |
charretier |
cart or carriage man |
charron |
cartwright, wheelwright |
chasseur |
hunter |
château |
castle |
châtelain |
owner of a castle |
chaudronnier |
cooper, barrel maker |
chez |
at the home of |
chirurgien |
surgeon |
ci-dessous |
below here |
ci-dessus |
above here |
cimetière |
cemetery |
cinq |
five |
cinquante |
fifty |
cinquantième |
fiftieth |
cinquième |
fifth |
citoyen(ne) |
citizen |
clergé |
clergymen |
colline |
hill |
communauté |
community (of goods), religious community |
commune |
town, commune |
communion |
communion |
compagnon |
journeyman, partner |
comparu |
appeared |
comprend |
includes |
comte |
count |
concubine |
concubine |
congestion cérébrale |
stroke |
conjoint |
spouse, assistant |
connaissance |
acquaintance |
conseil d’état civil |
civil registrar’s |
conseiller |
councilor |
consentement |
consent |
contenu |
content |
contractant |
the groom (in a marriage record) |
contractante |
the bride (in a marriage record) |
contrat de mariage |
marriage contract |
contre |
against |
coqueluche |
whooping cough |
cordier |
rope maker |
cordonnier |
shoemaker |
côte |
hill |
couches |
bed, marital bed |
[morte en couches] |
[died in childbirth] |
coup de sang |
paralytic stroke |
cour |
court |
courant |
current |
cousin(e) |
cousin |
cousin(e) germain(e) |
first cousin |
couvreur |
roofer |
culte |
religion |
cultivateur |
farmer, cultivator |
curateur |
guardian |
curé |
parish minister, pastor, priest,
clergyman |
d’ |
of |
dame |
lady |
dans |
in |
de |
of, from, out |
décapité |
decapitated |
décédé |
the deceased |
décembre |
December |
décennal(e) |
decennial |
décennie |
decade |
décès |
death, deaths |
déclarant |
informant |
déclaré |
declared, stated |
décrépitude |
old age |
défunt(e) |
deceased |
dehors |
outside |
de la |
of the, some |
demain |
tomorrow |
demeurant |
living at |
demi |
half |
demi frère |
stepbrother, half brother |
demi soeur |
stepsister, half sister |
demoiselle |
Miss (of well-to-do parents) |
département |
department (French “county” since 1790) |
depuis |
since |
derniers sacrements |
last rites |
des |
of the, some |
desdits |
of the said (pl.) |
dessous |
lower, below |
dessus |
above |
deux |
two |
deuxième |
second |
devant |
in front of |
devenir |
to become |
devoir |
should |
d’hier |
yesterday’s |
dictionnaire |
dictionary |
dictionnaire des communes |
gazetteer |
dimanche |
Sunday |
dîme |
tithing |
diocèse |
diocese |
dispense |
exemption, dispensation |
dit(e) (ditte) |
said, also known as, aforementioned |
divers(e) |
various |
divorcé(e) |
divorced |
dix |
ten |
dix-huit |
eighteen |
dix-huitième |
eighteenth |
dixième |
tenth |
dix-neuf |
nineteen |
dix-neuvième |
nineteenth |
dix-sept |
seventeen |
dix-septième |
seventeenth |
domaine |
estate |
domestique |
servant girl, maid |
domicile |
home, residence, domicile |
donné |
given |
donner |
to give |
dons |
donations |
dont |
of whom, of which |
double |
duplicate record |
douze |
twelve |
douzième |
twelfth |
droguiste |
druggist |
droit(e) |
right |
du |
of the, some |
duc |
duke |
duché |
duchy |
duchesse |
duchess |
durant |
during |
eaux-et-forêts |
waters and forests, forestry service |
ébéniste |
cabinetmaker, furniture maker |
échevin |
alderman, municipal magistrate |
école |
school |
écrire |
to write |
écrit |
written, document |
écrivain |
scribe, writer |
église |
church |
elle |
she, her |
elles |
they (f.) |
émigrant(e) |
emigrant |
émigré(e) |
emigrant |
empêchement |
prevention |
employé(e) |
clerk |
en |
in |
enceinte |
pregnant |
encore |
again |
endroit |
place |
enfant |
baby, child |
enfant exposé |
foundling |
enfant trouvé |
foundling |
enflement |
swelling |
ensemble |
together |
entend |
intends, hears |
enterré(e) |
buried |
enterrement |
burial, interment |
entre |
between, among |
environ |
about, approximately |
épicier |
grocer, spice merchant |
épousailles |
wedding |
épouse |
bride, wife |
époux |
bridegroom, husband |
Espagnol(e) |
Spanish |
est |
is, east |
et |
and |
étaient |
were |
était |
was |
étant (estant) |
being |
état |
state |
état civil |
civil registration |
été |
been, summer |
étranger |
foreign, foreigner, strange |
être |
to be |
[un être] |
[a being] |
évéché |
diocese |
évêque |
bishop |
exécuté |
performed |
expédié(s) |
sent |
extérieur |
outside |
extrait |
extract |
fabricant de bas |
maker of stockings |
fabricant de savon |
maker of soap |
facteur |
postman, mailman |
facture |
account, bill |
faiblesse |
weakness |
fait(e) |
made, done |
famille |
family, relative(s) |
féminin |
female |
femme |
wife, woman |
ferblantier |
tin man, tinsmith |
fermier |
farmer |
fête |
holiday, feast |
feu(e) |
deceased, the late |
feuille |
folio, leaf, page |
février |
February |
fiançailles |
engagement |
fiançé |
betrothed, engaged, fiancé (m.) |
fiançée |
betrothed, engaged, fiancée (f.) |
fiancer |
to become engaged |
fichier |
card index |
fièvre |
fever |
fileuse |
spinster |
fille |
daughter, girl |
fille de mauvaise vie |
prostitute |
fils |
son |
floréal |
See “Months” |
fonction |
duty, occupation, function |
[faisant les fonctions] |
[doing the functions (occupation), serving
as] |
fonts |
(baptismal) font |
forestier |
forester |
forêt |
forest |
forgeron |
smith |
forteresse |
fortress |
frais |
fee |
Français(e) |
French |
franc-tenancier |
freeholder, yeoman |
frère |
brother |
frère consanguin |
brother by the same father but different
mother |
frère germain |
brother by the same mother and father |
frère utérin |
brother by the same mother but different
father |
frimaire |
See “Months” |
fromager |
cheese merchant or maker |
frontière |
border |
fructidor |
See “Months” |
funèbre |
funeral |
furent |
were |
fut |
was |
futur |
fiancé, the intended groom |
future |
fiancée, the intended bride |
garçon |
boy, unmarried young man |
garde champêtre |
field guard |
garde forestier |
forest guard |
gardien |
herdsman |
gauche |
left |
gendarme |
policeman |
gendre |
son-in-law |
généalogique |
genealogical |
géomètre |
surveyor |
germinal |
See “Months” |
goutte |
gout |
grand(e) |
large, great, tall |
grandmère |
grandmother |
grandparents |
grandparents |
grandpère |
grandfather |
greffier |
clerk of the court, registrar |
habitant |
residing |
habitation |
residence |
habiter |
to inhabit |
haut |
high, upper |
hectare |
acre |
héraldique |
heraldry |
héritage |
inheritance |
heure |
hour, time |
hier |
yesterday |
histoire |
story, history |
Hollandais(e) |
Dutch |
homme |
man |
homme de main |
day worker |
honnête |
honest |
horloger |
clock merchant or maker |
houilleur |
coal miner |
Huguenot(te) |
Huguenot |
huissier |
usher, doorman |
huit |
eight |
huitante |
eighty |
huitantième |
eightieth |
huitième |
eighth |
hydropisie |
dropsy, edema |
icelle |
this one (f.) |
icelui |
this one (m.) |
ici |
here |
id. (Latin) |
the same |
identique |
same, alike, similar |
il |
he |
illégitime |
illegitimate |
immigrant(e) |
immigrant |
imposé |
imposed, gave |
impôts |
taxation |
inconnu(e) |
unknown |
inférieur(e) |
lower |
instituteur |
schoolteacher (m.) |
institutrice |
schoolteacher (f.) |
intérieur |
inside |
inventaire après décès |
inventory after death |
Italien(ne) |
Italian |
jamais |
never |
janvier |
January |
jardinier |
gardener |
je |
I |
jeudi |
Thursday |
jeune |
young, the younger, junior |
jeûne |
fasting, fast day |
jour |
day |
jour de baptême |
day of baptism |
jour d’hier, le |
yesterday |
journalier |
day laborer, farmworker |
jour suivant |
the following day |
juge |
judge |
Juif |
Jewish, Jew |
juillet |
July |
juin |
June |
Juive |
Jewish, Jewess |
jumeaux |
twins (male, or male and female) |
jumelles |
twins (female) |
juré |
juryman |
kilomètre |
kilometer |
l’ |
the (m. and f.) |
la |
the (f.) |
là |
there |
laboureur |
plowman, farmer (man with team and plow) |
lac |
lake |
laisser |
let, leave, allow |
laquelle |
which (f.) |
le |
the (m.) |
lecture |
reading |
légal(e) |
legal |
légitime |
legitimate |
lendemain |
following day |
lequel |
which (m.) |
les |
the (plural) |
lesquels |
which (plural) |
leur |
their, to them |
lieu |
place |
livre |
book |
livret de famille |
family register |
loi |
law |
lui |
him, to him |
lundi |
Monday |
Luxembourgeois(e) |
Luxembourger |
M. |
sir, Mr. |
maçon |
mason, bricklayer |
Madame |
Mrs. |
Mademoiselle |
unmarried woman, Miss |
magister |
village schoolmaster |
mai |
May |
maire |
mayor |
mairie |
town hall |
mais |
but |
maison |
house |
[maison communale] |
[town hall] |
maître |
master |
maître d’école |
schoolteacher |
majeur |
of legal age, (older) |
majorité |
legal age, majority |
maladie |
disease, sickness |
maraîcher |
market gardener |
marchand |
merchant |
marchant |
trader, merchant |
marché |
market |
mardi |
Tuesday |
maréchal ferrant |
blacksmith |
mari |
husband |
mariage |
marriage, wedding |
marié |
groom, husband, married (m.) |
mariée |
bride, wife, married (f.) |
marier (se marier) |
to get married |
mariés |
the married ones |
marin |
sailor |
Marocain(e) |
Moroccan |
marraine |
godmother |
mars |
March |
masculin |
male, masculine |
matin |
early (a.m.), morning |
mégisseur |
tanner |
membre |
member |
même |
the same, even |
mendiant |
beggar |
menuisier |
joiner, carpenter |
mercredi |
Wednesday |
mère |
mother |
mériter |
to be worthy |
messe |
Catholic mass |
messidor |
See “Months” |
métayer |
dairy keeper, cowherd, sharecropper |
métier |
trade, occupation, profession |
métis, métisse |
mixed blood |
meunier |
miller |
midi |
noon |
mil |
thousand |
militaire |
military |
mille |
thousand |
millième |
thousandth |
mineur |
under legal age, younger, minor |
minorité |
under legal age, minority |
minuit |
midnight |
mis(e) en terre |
buried |
Mlle |
Mademoiselle, Miss |
Mme |
Madame, Mrs. |
moi |
me |
mois |
month |
Monsieur |
sir, Mr. |
montagne |
hill, mountain |
mort(e) |
dead, death |
mort né |
stillborn |
moulin |
mill |
mourant |
dying |
mourir |
to die |
moyen(ne) |
middle, median, central |
mulâtre |
mulatto |
muni des sacrements de l’Eglise |
furnished with the (last) rites of the
church |
naissance |
birth |
naturel |
illegitimate (not always true) |
né(e) |
born |
née |
maiden name |
négociant |
trader, businessman |
neuf |
nine |
neuvième |
ninth |
neveu |
nephew |
ni |
neither, nor |
nièce |
niece |
nivôse |
See “Months” |
noble |
nobleman |
noblesse |
nobility |
noces |
wedding |
noir(e) |
black |
nom |
name, surname |
nom de famille |
surname, last name |
nommé(e) |
named, alias |
non |
not |
nonante |
ninety |
nonantième |
ninetieth |
nord |
north |
Norman(de) |
Norman |
notaire |
notary |
notes |
remarks |
nôtre (nostre) |
our |
nous |
we, us |
nouveau, nouvelle |
new |
novembre |
November |
noyé(e) |
drowned |
nuit |
night |
numéro |
number |
nuptial(e) |
bridal, pertaining to a wedding |
obsèques |
funeral, burial |
octante |
eighty |
octantième |
eightieth |
octobre |
October |
oncle |
uncle |
ondoyé(e) |
baptized provisionally |
ont |
(they) have |
onze |
eleven |
onzième |
eleventh |
orphelin(e) |
orphan |
ou |
or |
où |
where |
ouest |
west |
page |
page |
Palatinat |
Palatinate, Pfalz |
par |
by |
pareil(le) |
same, alike, similar |
parent |
parent, relative |
paroisse |
parish (office) |
parrain |
godfather |
part |
portion, part |
[d’une part] |
[on the one hand] |
[et d’autre part] |
[and on the other hand] |
pas |
not |
pas encore |
not yet |
passé |
past |
pasteur |
pastor |
pâtissier |
pastry maker |
pâtre |
herdsman |
pauvre |
indigent, poor |
pays |
land, country |
paysan(ne) |
small farmer, peasant |
pêcheur |
fisher |
peintre |
painter |
penultième |
day before the last |
percer des dents |
teething |
père |
father |
petit |
small, little |
petite-fille |
granddaughter |
petite noblesse |
gentry |
petit-fils |
grandson |
petit propriétaire |
yeoman |
peuple |
citizens |
peut-être |
maybe, perhaps |
pharmacien |
pharmacist |
pièces |
documents |
pied terrier |
land record |
place |
place |
plus, en |
besides, in addition to |
plus âgé(e) |
older, elder, oldest, eldest |
plus vieux |
older, elder, oldest, eldest |
pluviôse |
See “Months” |
policier |
policeman |
pont |
bridge |
population |
population |
porte |
door |
Portugais(e) |
Portuguese |
poser |
place, put |
pour |
for |
pourquoi |
why |
prairial |
See “Months” |
précédent(e) |
previous, preceding |
préfet |
prefect (the head of a département in
France) |
premier, première |
first |
prénom |
given (first) name |
près de |
next to |
présenté |
presented |
prêtre |
clergyman, priest |
preuve |
proof |
principalité |
principality |
prochain(e) |
following, next, nearest |
proche parent |
close relative |
professeur |
professor, teacher |
propos de, à |
about, concerning |
propriétaire |
owner, proprietor |
protestant |
Protestant |
provincial(e) |
provincial |
Prussien(ne) |
Prussian |
publié |
published, announced |
publier |
publish |
quand |
when |
quarante |
forty |
quarantième |
fortieth |
quartier |
district or neighborhood in a city |
quatorze |
fourteen |
quatorzième |
fourteenth |
quatre |
four |
quatre-vingt-dix |
ninety |
quatre-vingt-dixième |
ninetieth |
quatre-vingt |
eighty |
quatre-vingtième |
eightieth |
quatrième |
fourth |
que (qu’) |
what, which, that |
qui |
who, whom |
quinze |
fifteen |
quinzième |
fifteenth |
quoi |
what |
recensement |
census |
recherche |
research |
reconnu |
recognized, acknowledged |
reçu(e) |
received |
réformé(e) |
Reformed/Calvinist |
régisseur |
farm manager, steward |
registre |
register |
registres d’état |
civil registers of births, civil
marriages, and deaths |
registres paroissiaux |
parish registers |
reine |
queen |
religion |
religion |
religion prétendue réformé (R.P.R.) |
Reformed Church, Huguenot |
rentier(e) |
retired person living from rents,
landlord |
répertoire |
register, index |
répertoire toponymique |
gazetteer |
République Française |
French Republic |
retraité |
formerly employed, retired |
revue |
periodical |
rien |
nothing |
rivière |
stream, river |
roi (roy) |
king |
rouge |
red |
rougeole |
measles |
royaume |
kingdom |
rue |
street |
Russe |
Russian |
sa |
his, her, its |
sabotier |
wooden-shoe maker |
sacristain |
sacristan, sexton |
sage-femme |
midwife |
saignement |
bleeding |
sain |
sane, healthy |
saints sacrements
d’absolution |
last rites |
samedi |
Saturday |
sans |
without |
sans vie |
without life, lifeless |
savoir |
to know, namely |
savonnier |
soap merchant, soapmaker |
saxon |
Saxon |
scarlatine |
scarlet fever |
sceau |
seal |
scieur |
sawyer |
Seigneur |
the Lord |
seize |
sixteen |
seizième |
sixteenth |
selon |
according to |
semaine |
week |
sénilité |
old age |
sept |
seven |
septante |
seventy |
septantième |
seventieth |
septembre |
September |
septième |
seventh |
sépulture |
burial |
seront |
(they) will be |
serrurier |
locksmith |
servante |
maid, servant girl |
ses |
his, her, its |
seul(e) |
single, alone |
seulement |
only |
sexe |
sex |
siècle |
century |
signature |
signature |
signé |
signed |
six |
six |
sixième |
sixth |
société |
society |
soeur |
sister |
soeur consanguine |
sister by the same father but different
mother |
soeur germaine |
sister by the same mother and father |
soeur utérine |
sister by the same mother but different
father |
soir (soirée) |
evening |
soixante |
sixty |
soixante-dix |
seventy |
soixante-dixième |
seventieth |
soixantième |
sixtieth |
soldat |
soldier |
son |
his, her, its |
sont |
are |
sous |
under, low |
soussigné |
the undersigned |
souvent |
often |
statut légal |
status, condition |
statut personnel |
status, condition |
sud |
south |
Suisse |
Swiss |
suivant(e) |
next, following, according to |
supérieur(e) |
upper |
sur |
on, above, upon, at |
surlendemain |
two days later |
survivant |
surviving |
sus-dit |
aforementioned |
susnommé |
aforementioned |
table |
index |
tables décennales |
ten-year indexes |
tailleur |
cloth maker, draper |
tailleur de pierre |
stonecutter |
tailleur d’habits |
tailor |
tanneur |
tanner |
tant |
as, so much |
tante |
aunt |
tantôt |
afternoon |
tavernier |
tavern owner |
teinturier |
dyer |
témoin |
witness |
temps |
time |
tenir un enfant sur les fonts |
to act as godfather or godmother to a
child |
terre |
earth, land |
terres |
estate |
testament |
last will |
thermidor |
See “Months” |
tisserand |
weaver |
tisserand de lin |
linen weaver |
tisseur |
weaver |
tome |
volume |
tonnelier |
cooper |
tôt |
early (a.m.) |
toujours |
always |
tournier |
turner, woodworker |
tous |
all |
tous les deux |
both |
toux |
cough |
travailleur |
worker, laborer |
travers, à |
through, across |
treize |
thirteen |
treizième |
thirteenth |
trente |
thirty |
trente-et-un |
thirty-one |
trente-et-unième |
thirty-first |
trentième |
thirtieth |
tribunal |
court |
trois |
three |
troisième |
third |
tuilier |
tile maker |
tumeurv |
tumor |
tuteur |
guardian |
un, une |
a, an, one |
unième |
first |
unis en mariage |
united in marriage |
valet |
servant |
vallée |
valley |
varie |
various |
variole |
smallpox |
veille |
previous evening or day |
vendémiaire |
See “Months” |
vendeur |
seller, salesman |
vendeuse |
seller, saleslady |
vendredi |
Friday |
ventôse |
See “Months” |
vérole |
venereal disease, syphilis |
vérole, petite |
smallpox |
verrier |
glassmaker |
vers |
toward |
vert |
green |
veuf |
widowed, widower |
veuve |
widowed, widow |
vie |
life |
vieillesse |
old age |
vierge |
virgin, unmarried woman |
vieux (vielle) |
old |
vieux garçon |
bachelor |
vigneron |
grape grower |
village |
hamlet, village |
ville |
village or town, city |
vingt |
twenty |
vingt-cinq |
twenty-five |
vingt-cinquième |
twenty-fifth |
vingt-deux |
twenty-two |
vingt-deuxième |
twenty-second |
vingt-et-un |
twenty-one |
vingt-et-unième |
twenty-first |
vingt-huit |
twenty-eight |
vingt-huitième |
twenty-eighth |
vingtième |
twentieth |
vingt-neuf |
twenty-nine |
vingt-neuvième |
twenty-ninth |
vingt-quatre |
twenty-four |
vingt-quatrième |
twenty-fourth |
vingt-sept |
twenty-seven |
vingt-septième |
twenty-seventh |
vingt-six |
twenty-six |
vingt-sixième |
twenty-sixth |
vingt-trois |
twenty-three |
vingt-troisième |
twenty-third |
vivant |
living, lifetime |
vivant, de son |
during his (her) life |
vivre |
to live |
voir |
see |
voisin(e) |
neighbor |
vouloir |
to wish, to want |
|